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Theodosian Walls
A Response to a Growing City
The Theodosian Walls were built because Constantinople grew rapidly in both population and importance. The city had originally been...
Supplying Water to the New Capital
One of the biggest challenges in building the new city of Constantinople was providing enough clean water. While the ancient water system of Byzantium,...
The Three Main Streets of Constantinople
The city of Constantinople had three main streets that served as the major communication routes across the city. These streets were designed to help...
The Western Spur and Its Ancient Fortifications
Even though the fortifications around the western spur of the Sixth Hill may have a very old origin, it is wrong to think that...
The Religious Sites and Walls at the Sixth Hill
Two important religious sites—the Church of Blachernae and the Church of St. Nicholas—were located at the foot of the western spur of the Sixth...
The Defensive Lines
The Defensive Lines Around the Western Spur of the Sixth Hill
There were three main lines of fortification built around the western spur of the...
Honest Leadership in the Macedonian Committee
The current leaders of the Macedonian Committee are patriotic, honest, and unselfish. They work sincerely to help the people who suffer in the Turkish...
The Third Cause of Corruption and Lawlessness
The third and worst cause of corruption and lawlessness in the Ottoman Empire is connected to a terrible event: the massacres in Armenia and...
The Rise of Absolute Power
One of the biggest problems in the Ottoman Empire is the concentration of all power in Constantinople. Over the years, the Sultan, Abdul Hamid,...
Use and Study of Turkish Gemstones in Jewelry and Prayer Beads
Fashion Trends and Gemstone Preferences
In today’s fast-changing jewelry market, companies must constantly adapt to new fashion trends and consumer preferences. This also applies to...